The History of Organ Donation and Transplantation

Organ donation is the surgical removal of organs or a tissue of one person to be transplanted to another person for the purpose of replacing a failed organ damaged by disease or injury. Organs and tissues that can be transplanted are liver, kidneys, pancreas, heart, lungs, intestines, cornea, middle ear, skin, bone, bone marrow, heart valves, and connective tissues. Everyone regardless of age can consider themselves as potential donors. After one dies, he is evaluated if he is suited for organ donation based on their medical history and their age as determined by the Organ Procurement Agency (Cleveland Clinic). The main advantage of this medical surgery is that it is conceived for the purpose of saving people’s lives – one organ can†¦show more content†¦The transplantation that took 5 hours and a half hours which made Richard survive for eight years, was the stepping stone for thousands of transplants done after this operation which ultimately led surgeons to perform transplants of other organs. Dr. Joseph Murray who performed the transplantation on the twins and the lead surgeon at the Brigham Hospital in Boston won a Nobel Prize in 1990 (Shelly, 2010). 2.2.3. Later Attempts and Discoveries Blood and Skin. In 18th century, a German surgeon, Karl Thiersh, introduced an epidermal skin grafting called â€Å"Thiersh Graft† which is a specific grafting method using the epidermis and a portion of the dermis. This advancement in skin transplantation is still used today. Aside from skin grafts, blood transplantation was also gaining interest during this time. English gynaecologist, James Blundell was the first doctor to ever invent a machine dedicated to blood transplantation. In 1900, Paul Ehrlich discovered the potential of erythrocytes in creating haemolytic antibodies in blood transfusions and his discovery was thoroughly explained by Karl Landsteiner (Shelly, 2010). By 20th century, Alexis Carrel experimented with dogs and discovered a way to effectively anastomose blood vessels though this doesn’t bypass graft rejections and transfusions caused by antibodies. Total body irradiation was found to supress the immune system to maintain the transplantation however it also produced bone marrow aplasia which resultedShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Organ Donation Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Organ Donation Flashback to when you were sixteen years old. Young, naive, and about to be ruling the streets with your very own Driver’s License. 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